Physics and Dynamics of Clouds and PrecipitationThis key new textbook provides a state-of-the-art view of the physics of cloud and precipitation formation, covering the most important topics in the field: the microphysics, thermodynamics and cloud-scale dynamics. Highlights include: the condensation process explained with new insights from chemical physics studies; the impact of the particle curvature (the Kelvin equation) and solute effect (the Köhler equation); homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation from recent molecular dynamic simulations; and the hydrodynamics of falling hydrometeors and their impact on collision growth. 3D cloud-model simulations demonstrate the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds and cirrus formation, and each chapter contains problems enabling students to review and implement their new learning. Packed with detailed mathematical derivations and cutting-edge stereographic illustrations, this is an ideal text for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses, and also serves as a reference for academic researchers and professionals working in atmospheric science, meteorology, climatology, remote sensing and environmental science. |
Contents
Observation of clouds | 1 |
The shape and size of cloud and precipitation particles | 27 |
Molecular structures of water substance | 68 |
Bulk thermodynamic equilibrium among water vapor liquid water and ice | 86 |
Surface thermodynamics of water substance | 107 |
Aerosol in the atmosphere | 134 |
Nucleation | 156 |
Hydrodynamics of cloud and precipitation particles | 182 |
Collision coalescence breakup and melting | 252 |
Cloud drop population dynamics in the warm rain process | 288 |
Fundamental cloud dynamics | 305 |
Numerical cloud models | 327 |
Cloud electricity | 363 |
Cloudsenvironment interaction | 396 |
| 429 | |
| 445 | |
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Common terms and phrases
adiabatic aerosol particles air parcel American Meteorological Society atmosphere becomes boundary called Chapter chemical chemical potential cirrus clouds cloud and precipitation cloud condensation nuclei cloud droplets cloud drops cloud models coalescence collision efficiency condensation convective cumulus curve density diameter diffusion growth discussed distribution dynamics electric field energy environment equation equilibrium example falling flow field flow past formation graupel hence hexagonal humidity hydrometeors i-mer ice crystals ice particles impact layer lightning liquid water mechanism melting microphysical motion nucleation nuclei number concentration observed occur phase plates potential Pruppacher radar radius rain raindrops ratio region Reproduced by permission Reynolds number riming saturation saturation vapor pressure shape shown in Fig shows simulated snow solution sphere spherical Stokes flow storm stratosphere structure studies supercooled temperature terminal velocity thermodynamic thunderstorm tropopause updraft vapor pressure vertical Wang water drops water molecules water vapor
